Michela+Lombardi-+Baroque+Concerto

BAROQUE CONCERTO

A concerto is a musical work is a composition usually in three parts or movements with usually a solo instrument accompanied by a orchestra. The concerto was created as a form of composition in the Barque period. The Baroque Concerto started as a form called Concerto Grosso, which was introduced by Arcangelo Corelli. It arose in the Baroque period side by side with concerto Grosso. It was intended as a composition that was typical of the Italian life style, the solo was mainly played by a string of a wind instrument.  Arcangelo Corelli



 The Baroque Period was from 1600 to 1750 and it describes the style of the European classical music. This time period was after the renaissance and was followed by the classical era. Some major composers associated with this time were Johann Sebastian Back, Antonio Vivaldi, Jean-Babtiste Lully, Arcangelo Corelli, Claudio Monteverdi, Jean-Philippe Rameaw and Hernry Purcell. During this time period functional tonality was developed as well as new instrument playing techniques. The composers in this time period used more elaborate musical ornamentation and made changes to the musical notation. Baroque music expanded in size, range, and complexity of Instrumental performance, it also established opera as a musical genre.
 * The Baroque Period **

An Example of a Concerto Grosso by Antonio Vivaldi __http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71Rhuh2TSR8__

The concerto was the blend in purely instrumental music of four fundamental Baroque practices: the concertato principle; the texture of a firm bass and florid treble; musical organization based on the major-minor key system; and the building of a long work out of separate autonomous movements. By the 18th century the term concerto indicated an instrumental work of one of the three types:

Solo Concerto- one soloist and orchestra Concerto Grosso- two or more soloists and orchestra Orchestral Concerto- undivided orchestra

Solo Concerto quickly was the favoured type.
 * Concerto Grosso **

Was a form of Baroque Music in which the material is passed between a small group of soloists (the concertino) and full orchestra (the ripieno). This form of the concerto was formed in the late seventeen century. Alessandro Stradella seemed to have been the first to write music in this way of having two differnt sizes of musical groups combined. Arcangelo Corelli was the first major composed to use the term concerto grosso. There are two distinct forms of concerto grosso that exist: concerto da chiesa  (church concert) and the concerto da camera (chamber concert).


 * The Concerto da chiesa ** alternated slow and fast movements; the concerto da camera had the character of a  suite. It was introduced by a prelude and incorporating popular dance forms. The distinction of these two blurred over time.
 * Corelli's concertino group ** always had two violins and a cello, with a string section as ripieno group. Both were accompanied by a basso continuo with some combination of harpsichord, organ, lute or theorbo. <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Basso Contiuno: **<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Figured bass, or through bass, is a kind of integer musical notation to indicate intervals, cords and non chord in relation to a bass note
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Concertino: **<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> The smaller group of instruments in a concerto grosso. Its material is generally more virtuosic than that of ripieno.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Ripieno: **<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> The larger group contrasting with the concertino.

<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The Concerto grosso form was replaced by the solo concerto and the sinfonia cocertante in the late 18th century, new examples of the form of Concerto Gross did not appear for more than a century.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Sinfonia Concertante: **<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">a mixture of the symphony and the concerto genres: a concerto in that one or more soloists (in the classical period, usually more than one) are on prominent display, and a symphony in that the soloists are nonetheless discernibly a part of the total ensemble and not preeminent.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Solo Concerto: **<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">a concerto in which a single soloist is accompanied by an orchestra It is the most frequent type of concerto.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71Rhuh2TSR8 <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Concerto for two violins, cello, strings and basso continuo in G minor Op. 3 No. 2 "L'estro Armonico" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwxsZM0Yy0E

Bennett, R. (1995). //Investigating Musical Styles//. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressThe Baroque concerto grosso. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lcsproductions.net/MusHistRev/Articles/BarConGrsso.html//Baroque concerto//. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.clt.astate.edu/jbonner/BAROQUE%20CONCERTO.htm